The United States became the
world's first modern democracy after its break with Great Britain (1776) and
the adoption of a constitution (1789). During the 19th century, many new
states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North
American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two
most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War
(1861-65) and the Great Depression of the 1930s. Buoyed by victories in
World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the
world's most powerful nation-state. The economy is marked by steady growth,
low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.
Location: |
North America, bordering
both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between
Canada and Mexico
38 00 N, 97 00 W |
Population: |
278,058,881 (July 2001
est.) |
Area: |
total: 9,629,091 sq
km
land: 9,158,960 sq km
water: 470,131 sq km
note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia
about one-half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of
Africa; about one-half the size of South America (or slightly larger
than Brazil); slightly larger than China; about two and one-half times
the size of Western Europe |
Climate: |
mostly temperate, but
tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great
plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the
southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated
occasionally in January and February by warm Chinook Winds from the
eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains |
Terrain: |
vast central plain,
mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and
broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii |
Elevation: |
lowest point: Death
Valley -86 m
highest point: Mount McKinley 6,194 m |
Natural
resources: |
coal, copper, lead,
molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel,
potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber |
|